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| Biology,
Exam Time This is a new book added to the series written for the use with the IB. It contains paper 2 and 3 style questions on all the topics required for the SL and the HL syllabuses. Each chapter starts with questions that cover the SL material followed by the Additional Higher Level material (AHL). Some chapters have only HL material such as the Muscular System and Plant Science. This is also indicated at the start of the chapter. This organization makes Exam Time easy to use by both the SL and HL Biology students. After
studying and revising from your textbooks and notes, work on all the
questions to ensure that you are ready for your exams. This book will
help check your understanding and it keeps you on the right track
during your IB course. Questions are set in IB exam style to get you
ready for the exam. The mark allocation is shown in brackets at the
end of each question.
|
1. Describe the process of meiosis in terms of the following
aspects:
(a) In humans, where does this process take place? (1)
……………………………………………………………………………
(b) What is the function of this type of cell division? (1)
……………………………………………………………………………
(c) How many cells result at the end of this division? (1)
…………………………………………………………………………….
(d) What are these cells called in terms of the number of chromosomes in
each cell? (1)
……………………………………………………………………………
(e) What happens to the cells resulting from meiosis? (1)
……………………………………………………………………………
(f) If the diploid number of an organism is 8, what is the number of chromosomes in each cell at the end of the first meiotic division? (1)
……………………………………………………………………..
(g) In humans, state the number of chromosomes at each
stage indicated below (8)
Prophase I ……………………………………………………………………..
Metaphase I ………………………………………………………………………
Anaphase I ………………………………………………………………………
Telophase I ………………………………………………………………………
Prophase II ………………………………………………………………………
Metaphase II ………………………………………………………………………
Anaphase II ………………………………………………………………………
Telophase II ………………………………………………………………………
(h) In humans, state the number of chromatids at each stage indicated below
(8)
Prophase I ……………………………………………………………………
Metaphase I ………………………………………………………………………
Anaphase I ………………………………………………………………………
Telophase I ………………………………………………………………………
Prophase II ………………………………………………………………………
Metaphase II ………………………………………………………………………
Anaphase II ………………………………………………………………………
Telophase II ………………………………………………………………………
2. At what stage of meiosis does each of the following events occur? (10)
Crossing over.………………………………………………………
Independent assortment ………………….........................................
Pairing up of homologous chromosomes……………….………………
Lining up of pairs of homologous chromosomes at the equator of the cell…
Separation of homologous chromosomes by the spindle fibers…………
Splitting of the centromere……………………………………………
Movement of the chromatids (which can now be called chromosomes) towards
each centriole……………………………………………………...
Formation of two haploid cells…………...…………………………...
Formation of four haploid cells ……..…………………………………
3. Fill in the following table to show the differences
between mitosis and meiosis in humans
(14)
Aspect |
Mitosis |
Meiosis |
| Number of chromosomes in starting cell |
||
| How many divisions are involved |
||
| Where does this type of division occur |
||
| How many cells result at the end of division | ||
| Does crossing over occur | ||
| Are the resulting cells genetically identical |
||
| Does DNA replication occur in preparation for this division | ||
| Do chromosomes pair up in prophase |
||
| Does it produce variation | ||
| Does it function in growth and repair |
||
| When does the centromere split | ||
| Does independent assortment of chromosomes occur | ||
| What is the possibilityof |
4. What are the sources of variation resulting
from sexual reproduction? (3)
1……………………………………………………………………...……
..................................................................................................................
2 ……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
3…………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………
5. The follwoing diagrams show the stages of meiosis in
the correct order. State
the stage eachdiagram represents and write a brief description of thastage (20)
| Stage................................................ |
 |
| Stage................................................ |
 |
| Stage................................................ |
 |
| Stage................................................ |
 |
| Stage................................................ |
 |
| Stage................................................ |
 |
| Stage................................................ |
 |
| Stage................................................ |
 |
| Stage................................................ |
 |
6. The following diagrams show the process
of crossing over involving a pair of homologous chromosomes. The last diagram
in the table shows the four cells resulting at the end of meiosis concerning
their chromosomal content. Write a brief description of the process by describing
what is happening in each diagram (4)
Description |
Diagram |
| ...................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... |
 |
| ...................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... |
 |
| ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... |
 |
| ...................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... |
 |
7. Independent assortment occurs during meiosis. The type of gametes resulting depends on the arrangement of chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis. In the following diagrams all the possible arrangements of homologous pairs of chromosomes are shown in the cells on the left. In the circles on the right, state the genotype of the gametes resulting from each metaphase arrangement (4)
Arrangement at metaphase Gametes
8. The following is a diagram of a cell with 4 pairs of chromosomes. Show all the possible gametes that can result at the end of meiosis of this cell. Fill each circle with one of the possible genotypes (4)
9. Describe how Down's syndrome can result from a chromosomal
abnormality called non-disjunction
(4)
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
Chapter 10: Meiosis
Essay Questions:
1. (a) Describe the importance of meiosis in producing
variation (4)
(b) Describe the behavior of chromosomes in relation
with independent assortment (8)
(c) Describe the stages and events occurring in
meiosis I
(6)
2. (a) Describe prophase I of meiosis with
details of the process of crossing over
(8)
(b) Describe the events taking place during metaphase
and anaphase I of meiosis
(5)
(c) Describe how the techniques of amniocentesis and IVF
can reduce
the chances of having a baby with Down's
syndrome and other genetic
diseases. (5)
Chapter 20: Human Reproduction (21 Pages)
Essay Questions
1. (a) Explain the importance of gametes and fertilization
in sexual reproduction
(6)
(b) Draw a labeled diagram of a human sperm (5)
(c) Describe the process of oogenesis in human females
(7)
2. (a) State the sources of variation resulting from sexual
reproduction (6)
(b) Draw and label the urinogenital system in a
human male
(6)
(c) Describe the secondary sexual characteristics
in human adults (6)
3. (a) Draw a labeled diagram of a cross section in a
seminiferous tubule (6)
(b) Describe the menstrual cycle in the human female
(8)
(c) Use a diagram to describe the structure of a
human egg
(4)
4. (a) Explain why the amount of variation in humans is
much higher than in the fruit fly which has
only 4 pairs of chromosomes
(4)
(b) Draw and label a section in the testis of a
human male (6)
(c) Describe the process of spermatogenesis in humans (8)
5. (a) Draw a labeled diagram of the female reproductive
system (6)
(b) Use a labeled diagram to show the hormonal changes
during the menstrual cycle (4)
(c) Use a table to compare between the processes
of spermatogenesis and oogenesis
(8)
6. (a) State the difference between fertilization
and copulation
(4)
(b) Describe the events taking place after fertilization
and until the process of implantation
(8)
(c) State the functions of the amniotic fluid
(6)
7. (a) Describe the structure and function of the placenta
(8)
(b) Describe the process of implantation and the
role of HCG in humans (6)
(c) Describe the function and structure of the umbilical
cord (4)
8. (a) State and describe briefly the three stages of birth
(4)
(b) Draw a labeled diagram of the baby in the uterus
(6)
(c) Discuss the process of amniocentesis and its
uses
(8)
9. (a) Discuss some ethical issues concerning contraception
(4)
(b) Discuss the process of CVS (Chorionic
Villi Sampling) and its uses (7)
(c) Discuss the process and the need
for invitro fertilization (IVF) in
humans
(7)
10. (a) Discuss some ethical issues concerning test tube
babies (4)
(b) Explain how identical and non identical
twins are produced in
humans
(6)
(c) Explain the hormonal control of
sexual maturity in human males (8)
Author
Standard Level Higher
Level Multiple
Choice Book
Biology
Exam Time How to Order
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